space superiority
| situational awareness
tracking space objects
protect assets & access
| negation of adversary
shutter control and blanket purchases
space control - Combat, combat support, and combat service support operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. The space control mission area includes: surveillance of space; protection of US and friendly space systems; prevention of an adversary's ability to use space systems and services for purposes hostile to US national security interests; negation of space systems and services used for purposes hostile to US national security interests; and directly supporting battle management, command, control, communications, and intelligence. See also combat service support; combat support; negation; space; space systems.
- from the DoD Dictionary
STRATCOM fact sheet description of this mission
space control chapter (very short) from DoD Space Technology Guide
Key Air Force Space Programs (local copy), the Space section of AF Handbook for Congress
- communications systems, sensors, launch/lift resources, satellite control systems, weather systems, counterspace systems, attack warning, space-based radar, and GPS
- Space Superiority ___[return to top]
- How to Institutionalize Space Superiority in the United States Air Force, AWC paper, 2002
- The Command of Space: a National Vision for American Prosperity and Security, AWC paper, 2001
- Sovereignty and Protective Zones in Space and the Appropriate Command and Control of Assets, ACSC paper, 2001
- UCAV- The Next Generation Air-Superiority Fighter?, SAAS paper, 2002
- "Seizing military superiority in space will become the last, large-scale confrontation between national states in the history of mankind, and after this the orientation of human historical development will be world peace, under the control of the states that are dominant in space."
From an article by Gao Yan: "China Must Become a Space Power"
- appearing in Hong Kong Kuang Chiao Ching magazine,
16 July 2002, No. 358, pages 10-13
- Situational Awareness ___[return to top]
- Tracking Space Objects ___[return to top]
- Protect Assets and Access ___[return to top]
- Space Systems Survivability, from the AU Space Primer ...(250 Kb)
- Protecting Commercial Space Systems: a Critical National Security Issue, ACSC paper, 1999
- Defending the Final Frontier: Commercial Space System Vulnerabilities to Directed Energy Weapon Threats, ACSC paper, 2000
- How is U.S. Space Power Jeopardized by an Adversary's Exploitation, Technological Developments, Employment, and Engagement of Laser Antisatellite Weapons?, ACSC paper, 2000
- Sovereignty and Protective Zones in Space and the Appropriate Command and Control of Assets, ACSC paper, 2001
- Safe Heavens: Military Strategy and Space Sanctuary Thought, SAAS paper, 1997
- Negation of Adversary ___[return to top]
- Shutter Control and Blanket Purchases ___[return to top]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Space Reconnaissance and the Management of Technical Collection
, from Preparing for the 21st Century - An Appraisal of U.S. Intelligence, by the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
- In March 1994, President Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive 23 (PDD-23) which, for the first time, established an industrial policy permitting U.S. firms to obtain licenses to market imagery products and systems commercially. The stated goal of this policy was to "enhance U.S. industrial competitiveness in the field of remote sensing space capabilities while at the same time protecting U.S. national security and foreign policy interests."
- Under the terms of the directive, the U. S. Government retains "shutter control" of any commercial imagery systems licensed for sale to foreign purchasers by U.S. firms outside of a government-to-government agreement. This means the U.S. Government would retain the right to curtail the use of any imaging system sold by a U.S. firm to a foreign purchaser when it perceived its national security interests were affected. It was felt that this authority was needed in the event a domestic or foreign purchaser sought to use the system contrary to U.S. interests. Any proposed sale or transfer by a foreign recipient of sensitive components or subsystems also would be subject to U.S. Government approval.
- Blanket Space Imagery Purchases by U.S. Gov't. Likely a Thing of the Past, Space News, 16 Oct 2002 - short article, but interesting
- "The U.S. government's decision in late 2001 to purchase every high-resolution satellite image of Afghanistan produced by Space Imaging Corp. was a purely commercial deal that should not be confused with a government-ordered denial of access, according to a U.S. government official involved in that decision."
- "Shutter control, meaning the ability to shut down high-resolution satellite imagery sales from areas deemed sensitive, is an option granted to NOAA by U.S. law. The law also requires that before being exercised, the U.S. secretaries of defense, commerce and state sign off on the decision to demand that a commercial company stop, or modify, the way it does business."
- "Shimon said the law also permits NOAA's national security division to raid commercial remote-sensing offices without notice if a violation is suspected."
- Blanket purchasing is listed as one of the three ways shutter control can be implemented
- NOAA Advisory Committee for Commercial Remote Sensing (ACCRES) Summary of 30 Sep 02 Meeting
- "In the opinion of Dr. Gabrynowicz a precedent had been established in regard to shutter control that presumes imagery will be made public at some point. Recent experience also suggests that companies will receive the market price for goods and services during periods of shutter control."
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